Earglasses*

Mel Chua’s recent post about communication reminded me that I’m lagging on something I started many months ago: trying to find a filter chain in Wavelab that would let her hear things - music in particular - in a manner closer to that of someone with normal hearing.** A while ago she blogged about her auditory response being like that of a low-pass filter, and that made me think about what the most practical way to mitigate that response would be.

I don’t know what the audio-processing algorithms hearing aids use are, but it’s fairly clear that:

• the user doesn’t have much ability to modify them, except perhaps in the case of highly expensive models.
• they probably aren’t terribly powerful, because - judging by digital hearing aids’ power consumption - the processing power available to them is very small.
• although amplification is one of the primary components of a hearing aid’s processing chain, amplification alone won’t combat most hearing difficulties (certainly not Mel’s).
• they are optimised for speech, rather than music.

So I set about trying a different approach: CPU-intensive audio-processing using the best algorithms I could lay my hands on (i.e. Wavelab’s plugins), optimised for music. I set up an EQ stage at the end of the chain, modelled on the graph of Mel’s auditory response, and started applying filters before it in an attempt to make the end result sound as natural as possible. I had a hunch that multiband compression might be more effective for this than EQ - certainly more effective than EQ alone - and so it proved. Partly this is because multiple stages of EQ filtering can induce “ringing” (they become resonant - an unwanted side-effect). Although multi-band compressors include EQ filters to split the signal into bands, these filters didn’t seem to suffer from the same side effects, perhaps because the compression was attenuating any resonances that might have otherwise been present.

Anyhow, a few months ago - long after my first experiment, I was blessed with a few minutes of the Mel’s time, and we tried some of the filter chains, with The Decline as the test track (because it was the only CD I had to hand with a mix that I was familiar with). We were somewhat successful, but I haven’t had time to do much more with the algorithms since then.

I mentioned to Mel that I thought it would be cool to make portable Sharc DSP devices so people could carry their audio processors around with them, set up so that they could select and edit the algorithms. This isn’t very far-fetched. There are lots of battery-powered, pocket sized audio processors on the market at affordable prices (for instance, the Korg Pandora). I don’t know if they use Sharcs, but I do know that many price-breakthrough audio processors with pluggable algorithms that I’ve seen hit the market in recent years have used Sharcs, so they seemed like a good bet. (Mel knew the same company’s devices by a different name, Blackfin, and suggested those. Then we worked out we were talking about essentially the same thing :-] The Blackfin is a sibling product to the Sharc.)

And this is how I come to be writing a blog post called Earglasses. Sunglasses - filters for your eyes - are easy to get hold of, and not even very hard to make, but filters for your ears aren’t so straightforward. I doubt Mel and I can’t make earfilters possible by ourselves because we’re both too busy with other things, so this is where a community effort might come in handy. I’d love to see a bunch of people working to make earfilters - affordable, portable devices with an audio input and a headphone output and ton of helpful, user-programmable algorithms running in between - a reality. So making this an open hardware, open software project seems like the way forward.

I’ve registered earfilter.org and will set up a wiki there shortly. It will be a place that people can post their filter chains (from Wavelab, Audacity, etc), links to useful plug-ins, suggestions for hardware architecture, and anything else that’s relevant.

* * *

*It turns out there actually is a company manufacturing what they call Earglasses, a kind of latter-day ear trumpet. Whaddya know. Their engineering reminds me of Big Ears, which I’ve known about ever since I took up the dubious habit of reading Canford Audio catalogues as a teenager. (Actually, I learned a lot from those catalogues - and from CA’s competitors’ catalogues - which included pinouts, specs, regulations, construction diagrams and all sorts of other nutritious information for enquiring minds.)

**Mel’s post was, of course, not just about hearing. I’ve focused on that aspect of it here because of the earfilter.org idea, which I wanted to let the world know about. Mel’s underlying point is about communication, and I couldn’t agree with her more: any barrier to communication or comprehension can be frustrating. One of the greatest joys, for me, of living in the information age, is that we’re better placed than any previous generation to reduce or eliminate those barriers. Another great joy is that there are so many people working passionately and enthusiastically to do just that.

Juicy TLDs not being eaten

I often think of web services I’d like to be able to use. Often these services don’t exist (yet) or aren’t easy to find if they do. While trying to find these services, I ask myself what I would call the service if I had created it - or if I were to create it. The reasoning behind this is, of course, that if the service exists and has an obvious name, which I have guessed correctly, I will find it quickly.

Thinking along these lines yesterday, I realised that several obvious domains for these services could make good use of TLDs other than the usual .com, .org, .net, and so on. Specifically, they could have benefitted from .ly or .ng . So I looked into registering domains with these and discovered that in the first case it wouldn’t be affordable for me and in the second it wouldn’t be straightforward.

.ng is the Nigerian ccTLD, and although there exists a Nigeria Internet Registration Association with a form to help potential registrants register their “domains”, it in fact only allows the registration of subdomains below .com.ng, .edu.ng, .gov.ng, .net.ng and .org.ng . So even if I had the most interesting site in the world, I couldn’t do something cool like host it at http://interesti.ng .

I think that’s a little crazy, because Nigeria could start making quite a healthy income from registrants who would be willing to pay for domains like that.

There’s another snag too: .ng is what’s known as a “closed” ccTLD, meaning that it’s supposed to only be used by organisations based in, or with a presence in, Nigeria. There has been high level criticism of the concept of “closed” ccTLDs for some time now, and I think much of it is valid. After all, what counts as a “presence in Nigeria” - or in any other country, for that matter? The registrar and hosting provider Web4Africa gives some guidance, and so do other sites, but it’s very vague. If I use a DNS server in Nigeria to host my domain, does that count as my having a physical presence there? I think it should, just as if I were renting an office there. But it’s not clear if it does. What is clear is that checking whether or not I have a physical presence in Nigeria is done manually. This means that Nigerian domain registration can’t happen quickly. That in turn means that there won’t be a Nigerian Go Daddy any time soon. Go Daddy is the largest domain registrar in the world by some margin, at the time of writing. It has built its business in large part, if I’m not mistaken, on its ability to perform automated domain registration. This is an opportunity that’s effectively denied to Nigerian registrars because of .ng’s closed status.

I should note at this point that I’m not a fan of all Go Daddy’s moral principles - here’s why - and for this reason, I avoid using Go Daddy (currently, I use Dreamhost and 123-reg for domain registration, but there are plenty of other good registrars about). But I do not believe that those ethics were necessary for the success of the business. What was necessary was a legal and technological infrastructure that permitted the automated registration of domains. This, and the ability to register whateveryoulike.ng, is all I am proposing herein that Nigeria should provide.

Another name I had in mind for a web service ended in .ly - the Libyan TLD. Here, the state of affairs is more promising, but still not quite ideal. There seems to be only one .ly registrar with a working web site in English: the intriguingly-named Libyan Spider Network. It seems that I could register whateverIwant.ly without too much trouble. The biggest snag is the price tag: $150 per year (for comparison, a .com typically costs $5-$15 per year). Clearly, what’s needed here is some competition. With a few more registrars in the marketplace, that price would likely fall to something a pauper like me could afford for a fledgling, unfunded web service.

Is there, you ask, a ray of sunshine in the ccTLD domain business? Well, yes. ccTLDs like .us, .uk, .jp, etc, are available through vast numbers of registrars. Competition keeps the prices low and the service reasonable (although there are opportunities to be fleeced if you’re foolish). But there are some great success stories from non-developed economies too. Tuvalu’s .tv ccTLD is wildly popular and widely available. Another island state with a thriving domain name business is São Tomé, whose .st TLD is modestly priced and available through a very efficient-looking site.

These cases highlight the shortcomings of Nigeria’s system. I don’t know why Nigeria doesn’t follow these other countries’ examples, and I wish it would.

Pearl Jelly

I like many of Pearl Jam’s principles and many of their songs, but I’ve felt uneasy about the band - and haven’t felt much like a fan - since around ‘94-’95 (it shocks me that that is fourteen years ago, as old as I was at the time). After the majesty of Ten, and the experience of feeling Vs. hook deep into my psyche, I was disappointed by Vitalogy. On paper, it looked like a good record: it was very attractively packaged; literally, the paper the sleeve was printed on looked good. It featured some beautiful, tender songs. But it didn’t swing; it didn’t groove. Not the way it should have. I found myself skipping tracks while playing it, because some of them were annoying to listen to.

Then Pearl Jam fired Dave Abbruzzese. Dave’s Unplugged performance hypnotised me when it was aired, and his drumming on Vs. still inspires me to listen ever more closely to that album - if not to pick up some drumsticks and start playing on the furniture, or simply to bop around. It is paradigmatic drumming for me: an actualisation of a Platonic ideal. I cannot think of another album by any heavy rock band whose drumming surpasses this one in musicality (but I’ve heard a few that come close: Awake, The Need to Change the Mapmaker, Mötley Crüe, Return of Saturn, Infernal Love, The Colour and the Shape, H2O, Built to Last, and the Deftones albums spring to mind). Since Dave had been the most compelling reason of all for me to listen to Pearl Jam, his departure felt like the last straw. If Vitalogy was evidence of the band’s decreasing ability to assess the musical merits (read: release-worthiness) of their recordings, then Abbruzzese’s firing suggested it had also lost the ability to assess the musical talent of its members. My expectations of Pearl Jam dropped off the scale and I lost all but a peripheral interest in their subsequent work.

Today, I listened to Vs. and, while doing so, tried to find out a little more about it, and about the band. I stumbled across this compilation of interview excerpts, and was pleasantly surprised to discover that whatever they may have lost at one time or another, Pearl Jam remained inspirational in other regards (at least, until the time that article was compiled - in 2001). They seem, like Dave Grohl - who was very down-to-earth when I met him at a Rocket From The Crypt show many years ago - to have mastered the rare art of being rock stars while keeping their priorities as thoughtful human beings more-or-less intact. And since their priorities were typically commendable, this is a praise-worthy and inspiring achievement. I’ve seen good musicians in other bands lose perspective under much less pressure, and once or twice I’ve been among them.

Here’s to keeping your head when all around you are losing theirs, and to respecting human art above artifice.